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25 March 2023

Yakin Basra Ko Kuma Yakin Jamal

Yakin Basra Ko Kuma Yakin Jamal (Rakumi):
Matsayar da Imam Ali (a.s) ya dauka ta daidaita tsakanin al'ummar musulmi ba tare da wani banbanci ba, sannan kuma da hana wasu manyan mutane diban dukiyar al'umma ba ta yi wa Dalhat da Zubair dadi ba, wannan ya sa suka fara shirye-shiryen kalubalantar Imam (a.s), da tunzura Musulmi a kansa; wannan ne ya haifar da fitinar da ta yi sanadiyyar matsananciyar hasara ga al'umma; yayin da suka bukaci da A'ishah 'yar Abubakar matar Annabi kan cewa ta fito tare da su zuwa Basra, don ta jagoranci rundunar fito-na-fito da yakan Imam Ali (a.s).

A Basra kuwa, Imam (a.s) ya ci gaba da gabatar da nasihohi don ganin ba a zubar da jini ba, inda ya aikawa 'yan hamayyan da dan sako ya kira su zuwa ga sulhu, amma abin ya ci tura. Imam da kan shi ya hadu da Zubairu, ya kuma tuna masa da wasu al'amurra da suka faru gare su a lokacin Annabi (s.a.w.a); daga ciki har da fadar Manzo (s.a.w.a) ga Zubairu din cewa:

"Wata rana za ka fito yakarsa -wato Imam Ali- alhali kana mai zaluntarsa." Sai Zubairu ya ce: "Wannan haka ne wallahi! Sai dai ni na mance wannan ne, bayan ka tunatar da ni kuwa lallai zan koma(1).

Har Zubairu ya kulla azamar janyewa, amma sai dansa Abdullahi ya siffanta shi da cewa in har janye shi matsoraci ne.

A bangare guda kuma, Ummul Muminina A'isha, matar Manzon Allah kana kuma 'yar halifa Abubakar, tana garin Makka don ziyara kwatsam sai ga labari ya zo mata cewa an kashe halifa Usman bn Affan. Jin wannan labari dai ya yi wa A'isha dadi don kuwa tana daga cikin wadanda suke ganin Usman ya kauce wa hanya, to amma lokacin da ta ji al'umma sun zabi Ali a matsayin halifa sai hankalinta ya tashi ta yi fushin gaske sai ta fara tunanin yadda za ta bullo wa lamarin. Don haka sai ta koma tana cewa an kashe Usman cikin zalunci, kuma lalle za ta dau fansar jininsa. A nan tana nufin Imam Ali (a.s) na da hannu cikin kashe Usman don haka za ta dau fansa a kansa.

Don haka sai ta hada kai da Talha da Zubairu wadanda da man suna neman hanyar da za su kawo cikas wa Ali (a.s) da cutar da shi. Talha da Zubairu dai suna a matsayin surukai ne wa A'isha, saboda karamar kanwarta tana auren Talha, shi kuma Zubairu yana auren yayarta. Don haka sai ta fara kulle-kulle da tara sojojin da za su taimaka mata wajen cimma wannan buri nata, inda ta sami gagarumar gudummawa da goyon baya daga Banu Umayyawa, wato kabilar su Usman din, a gefe guda kuma gwamnonin Usman da Ali (a.s) ya cire su ma suka goya mata baya. Daga cikin wadannan gwamnoni har da gwamnan Yemen, wanda ya kwashi dukkan dukiyar da take Baitul Mali ya nufi Makka da ita bayan da aka tube shi ya mika wa A'isha.

Su ma a nasu bangaren Talha da Zubair, (wadanda da farko sun yi bai'a wa Ali (a.s) bayan sun hada kai da A'ishan sai suka ci gaba da tara dakaru da ba da cin hancin wa wasu don su shigo cikinsu, ta haka suka sami wani adadi mai yawa na daga larabawa musamman ma dai wadanda Ali (a.s) ya kashe musu iyaye da 'yan'uwa a lokacin da yake yaki don kare Musulunci karkashin tutar Manzon Allah (s).

Bayan an gama shirye-shiryen yaki, sai Ummul Muminina A'isha da sojojinta suka nufi Basra. Kafin ta fita dai sai da ta bukaci Ummu Salma, madaukakiyar matar Manzon Allah (s), da ta raka ta, to amma ina ta ki yarda da hakan tana mai tunasar da ita (A'isha) gargadin da Manzo (s) ya yi musu (matayensa) kan cewa karnukan Haw'ab za su yi ihu wa daya daga cikinsu, kuma nan ne kahon fitina zai tsiro (wato za ta kasance mai ta da wutar fitina)(2). Wannan nasiha ta Ummu Salma ta yi tasirin gaske a zuciyar A'isha har ta fara tunanin ta janye daga wannan nufi nata, to sai dai kuma Abdullah bn Zubair, dan agolanta, ya sawo kanta kan kada ta canza wannan matsaya tata, inda ta yarda ta ci gaba.

Daga nan sai ta hau rakumarta, ta fito daga Makka alhali tana jagorantar sojoji kimanin 1000, sannan kuma ta ci gaba da samun wasu a hanya har dakarun nata suka kai kimanin 3000.

A kan hanyarsu, sai ga labari ya zo wa wadannan 'yan tawayen cewar Imam Ali (a.s) ya fito daga Madina ya nufo inda suke, don haka sai suka yanke shawarar bari asalin hanyar da suke kai suka dau barauniyar hanya zuwa Basra. Suna cikin tafiya kuwa sai suka zo wani waje mai dake tsakanin duwatsu ko kuma tuddai da ake ce ma Haw'ab, isowarsu ke da wuya sai wasu karnuka suka kewaye Ummul Muminina A'isha suka ta mata haushi da karfin gaske. Nan take sai hankalinta ya tashi, ta tambayi sunan wannan guri, jin cewa sunan wannan guri shi ne Haw'ab, sai hankalinta ya dada tashi, nan take ta tuna da gargadin da Manzon Allah (s) ya yi musu (matayensa) na su kiyaye tada fitina.

Sai ta dakata, ta sauko daga kan rakuminta, ta ce ba za ta ci gaba ba. Ganin haka sai Talha da Zubairu hankalinsu ya tashi, suna tunanin cewa burinsu ba zai cika ba. Don haka sai suka fito da wata hila inda suka ce wa A'isha sunan wannan guri ba Haw'ab ba ne, don ma su dada kwantar mata da hankali sai suka kawo wasu shaidu na zur (na karya) guda 50 suka rantse mata cewa ba sunan gurin ba kenan, amma duk da hakan dai ba ta yarda. Da suka ga hakan ma dai bai ci ba sai suka kirkiro wata hilar kuma inda suka ce mata labari ya zo cewa Ali ya kusan isowa don haka dole ne su bar gurin, jin hakan sai A'isha ta hau rakuminta suka ci gaba da tafiya.

Ko da suka isa Basra, sai Ummul Muminina A'isha, Talha da Zubairu suka fara tattaunawa da manyan mutanen garin da nufin samun goyon bayansu. Ta hakan dai sun sami goyon bayan wadansu mutanen, inda suka shiga garin suka kame gwamnan Imam Ali da ke garin wato Usmanbn Hunaif, bayan sun kashe wasu daga cikin masu gadinsa, bugu da kari kan kashe wasu daga cikin mabiya Ali (a.s). Daga karshe dai sun sami nasarar kame garin da kuma koran gwamnan barin sun wulakanta shi.

Labari dai ya zo wa Imam Ali (a.s) kan irin wannan tawaye da A'isha da Talha da Zubairu suka yi, don haka sai ya fara shirin fuskantar Basran, to sai dai da kyar ya tara sojoji kimanin 900 saboda kowa na jin nauyin fita don yakar A'isha wacce suka dauke ta a matsayin Uwar Muminai saboda kasancewarta matar Manzon Allah (s), baya ga haka kuma ga kokarin da Mu'awiyya shi ma ya yi na nuna wa mutane cewa Imam Ali (a.s) yana da hannu wajen kashe halifa Usman bn Affan.

A bangare guda kuma, Imam Ali (a.s) ya tura dansa Imam Hasan (a.s) da wasu daga cikin sahabbansa irinsu Ammar bn Yasir zuwa Kufa don tara sojojin, inda Imam Hasan din ya samu nasarar tara sojoji kimanin 9,000, baya ga wasu rundunoni kuma da suka dinga tuttudowa zuwa wajensa don yakan 'yan tawayen da suka yi tawaye wa halaltaccen halifa.

Bayan da suka gama taruwa, sai Imam Ali (a.s) daga sansaninsa da ke Zhiqar ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga A'isha da Talha da Zubairu yana kiransu da su janye daga wannan tawaye nasu, amma dai suka ki yin hakan. Don haka sai ya kama hanya zuwa Basra don fuskantarsu tare da dakaru kimanin 20,000. A daidai lokacin kuma ita A'isha ta tara sojoji kimanin 30,000.

Ganin irin wannan runduna ta Imam Ali dai ta razana rundunar A'isha din. A nan ma dai Imam Ali (a.s) ya tattauna da su Talha da Zubairu don tabbatar da zaman lafiya, yana mai tunatar da su abubuwan da Manzon Allah (s) ya gaya musu a kansa inda duk suka amince sun ji wadannan maganganu. Zubairu dai ya ji kunya kwarai da gaske don haka sai ya bar gurin, amma shi Talha ya ki yarda, kamar yadda ita ma A'isha ta tsaya sai an yi yaki.

Da gari ya waye sai A'isha ta dare rakuminta ta umarci sojojinta da su shirin yaki. Haka yanayin ya yamutse, yaki ya balle tsakanin bangarorin biyu, inda musulmi suka yaki junansu a karo na farko. Wannan yaki dai shi ne yakin da ake kira da Harbul Jamal (Yakin Rakumi), saboda rakumin da A'isha ta kasance a kai yayin yakin.

Duk da cewa dai sojojin A'isha sun fi yawa, amma dai sun gagara samun wata nasara a kan sojojin Imam Ali, inda daga karshe dai dakarun Ali (a.s) suka yi nasara akan na A'isha, lokacin da aka raunana Talha, kana daga baya ya mutu, ita kuma A'isha aka kayar da rakumin nata. Ganin haka sai Imam Ali (a.s) ya umarci dan'uwanta Muhammad bn Abubakar da ya kula da ita kada wani abu ya same ta.

Bayan yakin ya kare, sojojin gaskiya sun yi nasara, sai Imam Ali (a.s) ya sanar da yin afuwa ga dukkan 'yan tawayen, ya kuma hana dakarunsa diban ganimar yaki, ya koma sanya A'isha kan abin hawa aka koma da ita Madina.



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(1)- Ibn Sabbag al-Maliki, al-Fusul al-Muhimmah, shafi na 62.

(2)- Al-Imamah Wa al-Siyasa na Ibn Kutaibah.